MSW contributes significantly to various types of pollution. Improper disposal and management of MSW can lead to air pollution, water pollution, and soil contamination. For example, when organic waste decomposes in landfills, it produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater, and improperly managed waste can find its way into rivers and oceans, impacting marine ecosystems.
